Political processes and the role of the imbongi and griot in Africa

Abstract

This article offers a comparative analysis of the role and function of West African griots and Southern African iimbongi as socio-political commentators. Furthermore, this contemporary function is seen against the backdrop of the role of orators in past African Kingdoms. Similarities and differences between these performers and their respective societies are highlighted through the use of an ethnographic methodology. A distinction is drawn between the more traditional performers such as Thiam Anchou and D.L.P. Yali-Manisi, and the more modern performers such as M'Bana Diop, Bongani Sitole, Mbaye and Mkiva. The stylistic techniques used by these performers are highlighted to show the comparative structural patterns which emerge. In comparing the work of the more contemporary, urban poets such as M'bana Diop of Senegal, and Zolani Mkiva from Southern Africa, similarities are found in their performances of post-independence leaders such as Senghor and Mandela. Political pressures which have been brought to bear on the performer are also discussed. The use of the primarily improvised oral performance as political rhetoric is explored.