Pre-Tsonga noun class prefixes and verb suffixes

Abstract

Pre-Tsonga had noun classes 1–18, except classes 12/13. Specific prefixes in class 1a developed during the Proto- South-Eastern era, and classes 5a/6–5a during the Pre- Tsonga era. Some of the Pre-Tsonga verb suffixes are direct reflexes from Proto-Bantu, but others probably originated during the Proto-Nguni period.