Territorial Behaviour in Certain Horned Ungulates, With Special Reference to the Examples of Thomson's and Grant's Gazelles

Abstract

An attempt has been made to distinguish between action area, home range, and territory in the Bovidae. The establishing of subjective boundaries is considered to be the most important criterion of territoriality. The existence of such boundaries becomes evident from certain behavioural symptoms; “defence” or better, localized dominance which may lead to intolerance, is one of them.